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2.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 121(1): e202202885, feb. 2023. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1413466

ABSTRACT

Los errores innatos de la inmunidad (EII), antes llamados inmunodeficiencias primarias (IDP), son un grupo heterogéneo de trastornos genéticos con defectos en uno o más componentes del sistema inmune. Los pacientes afectados por EII presentan aumentada susceptibilidad a microorganismos únicos o múltiples que se manifestará con infecciones recurrentes de diferente tipo y gravedad dependiendo del tipo de la localización del defecto. La prevención de infecciones es uno de los pilares fundamentales en el abordaje integral de los pacientes con EII. En este trabajo se resumen las conclusiones consensuadas en el Grupo de Trabajo de Inmunología Pediátrica de la Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría, sobre la base de la revisión de la evidencia disponible, respecto a los principios esenciales para el cuidado, la prevención de infecciones y la quimioprofilaxis en los errores innatos de la inmunidad para la orientación del pediatra y especialista dedicados al seguimiento de estas enfermedades.


Inborn errors of immunity, previously named primary immunodeficiency are a heterogeneous group of genetic defects of different components of the immune system. Patients present high susceptibility to an only or several microorganisms, developing recurrent infections; the severity is related to the specific genetic type of immunity defect. The main strategy on the management of these illness is the prevention of infections. These consensus guidelines made by the Pediatric Immunology Work Group of Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría, givese main approaches of infection prevention in order to provide a useful tool for all practitioners who are involved in the management of these patients, based on scientific evidence and broad consensus of a specialized panel expert.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Chemoprevention , Immune System Diseases/congenital
3.
Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B ; (12): 650-662, 2023.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-982405

ABSTRACT

The syndrome of dampness stagnancy due to spleen deficiency (DSSD) is relatively common globally. Although the pathogenesis of DSSD remains unclear, evidence has suggested that the gut microbiota might play a significant role. Radix Astragali, used as both medicine and food, exerts the effects of tonifying spleen and qi. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) comprises a macromolecule substance extracted from the dried root of Radix Astragali, which has many pharmacological functions. However, whether APS mitigates the immune disorders underlying the DSSD syndrome via regulating gut microbiota and the relevant mechanism remains unknown. Here, we used DSSD rats induced by high-fat and low-protein (HFLP) diet plus exhaustive swimming, and found that APS of moderate molecular weight increased the body weight gain and immune organ indexes, decreased the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and endotoxin, and suppressed the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-‍κB (TLR4/NF-‍κB) pathway. Moreover, a total of 27 critical genera were significantly enriched according to the linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe). APS increased the diversity of the gut microbiota and changed its composition, such as reducing the relative abundance of Pseudoflavonifractor and Paraprevotella, and increasing that of Parasutterella, Parabacteroides, Clostridium XIVb, Oscillibacter, Butyricicoccus, and Dorea. APS also elevated the contents of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Furthermore, the correlation analysis indicated that 12 critical bacteria were related to the body weight gain and immune organ indexes. In general, our study demonstrated that APS ameliorated the immune disorders in DSSD rats via modulating their gut microbiota, especially for some bacteria involving immune and inflammatory response and SCFA production, as well as the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. This study provides an insight into the function of APS as a unique potential prebiotic through exerting systemic activities in treating DSSD.


Subject(s)
Rats , Animals , NF-kappa B/metabolism , Spleen , Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Toll-Like Receptor 4 , Polysaccharides/pharmacology , Astragalus Plant/metabolism , Immune System Diseases/drug therapy , Body Weight
4.
Rev. colomb. reumatol ; 29(supl. 1)dic. 2022.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1536173

ABSTRACT

The presence of thrombotic events in COVID-19 patients has been described since the beginning of the pandemic. This association has been confirmed in most of the reported studies. Autopsy reports have shown that most thromboses are located in the lung, although they have also been observed in other organs such as the skin and kidneys. SARS-CoV2 infection induces a generalized prothrombotic state, which is attributed to a combination of factors such as hypoxia, excess cellular apoptosis, and mainly to overactivation of the immune system. Among immune-mediated prothrombotic situations, antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) stands out. Recurrent thrombotic events are observed in APS in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). There are numerous studies that report high prevalence of aPL in patients with COVID-19 infection. However, the results show discrepancies in the data on the prevalence of aPL, and its role in the pathogenesis of thrombosis in these patients. This could be due to the heterogeneity of the detection procedures for aPL or to transient elevations of non-pathogenic aPL levels in the context of infection. In this review we try to clarify the role of aPL in COVID-19 infection, and attempt to answer the question of whether it is a coagulopathy of its own, or secondary to APS.


La presencia de eventos trombóticos en los pacientes con COVID-19 se describió desde el inicio de la pandemia, asociación que ha sido confirmada en la mayoría de los estudios reportados. Los informes de necropsias han puesto de manifiesto que la mayoría de las trombosis se localiza en el pulmón, aunque también se han observado en otros órganos, como la piel y los riñones. La infección por SARS-CoV-2 induce un estado protrombótico generalizado que se atribuye a una conjunción de factores como la hipoxia, el exceso de apoptosis celular y, sobre todo, una hiperactivación del sistema inmune. Entre las situaciones protrombóticas inmunomediadas destaca el síndrome antifosfolipídico, en el cual se observan eventos trombóticos de repetición en presencia de anticuerpos antifosfolipídicos (AAF). Existen numerosos estudios que reportan una elevada prevalencia de AAF en los pacientes con infección por la COVID-19; sin embargo, los resultados muestran discordancias en los datos de prevalencia de AAF y su rol en la patogenia sobre la trombosis en estos pacientes, lo que que podría deberse a la heterogeneidad de los procedimientos de detección de los AAF o a elevaciones transitorias de los niveles de AAF no patogénicos en el contexto de la infección. En esta revisión se busca aclarar el papel de los AAF en la infección por COVID-19, intentando responder a la pregunta de si se trata de una coagulopatía propia o es secundaria a un síndrome antifosfolipídico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Phosphatidylglycerols , Autoimmune Diseases , Cardiolipins , Antiphospholipid Syndrome , Immune System Diseases , Lipids , Membrane Lipids
5.
Rev. colomb. reumatol ; 29(4)oct.-dic. 2022.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1536213

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune, inflammatory, and chronic disease that considerably affects the perception of health-related quality of life. Objective: To determine the perception of quality of life in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Methodology: Descriptive and correlational study; universe of 143 patients and a sample of 127 patients to whom the Short Form 36 questionnaire was applied to determine perception of health-related quality of life; the SLEDAI questionnaire to determine clinical activity, the SLICC to identify organic damage and the Morisky Green test to identify pharmacological adherence. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to determine the association between the study variables. Results: Mean age of 32.83 years, predominance of female patients (92.91%) and with disease progression of between one and 5 years (69.29%). Of the patients, 75.59% had at least one associated comorbidity and 80.31% were considered pharmacological adherents. The overall quality of life perception score was 61.02 points in women and 59.03 points in men. In general, the most affected dimensions were the emotional role in women and vitality in men. Conclusions: The increase in disease progression time, the presence of associated comorbidities and pharmacological non-adherence were variables that determined a decrease in the mean scores of perception of quality of life. There was a strong negative correlation between clinical activity of the disease and perception of quality of life.


Introducción: El lupus eritematoso sistémico es una enfermedad autoinmune, inflamatoria y crónica que afecta considerablemente la percepción de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. Objetivo: Determinar la percepción de la calidad de vida en pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo y correlacional, universo de 143 pacientes y muestra de 127, a los cuales se les aplicó el cuestionario Short Form 36 para determinar la percepción de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, el cuestionario Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), a fin de establecer la actividad clínica, el SLICC, con el propósito de identificar el daño orgánico, y el test de Morisky-Green, a efectos de evaluar la adherencia farmacológica. Se utilizó coeficiente de correlación de Pearson para determinarla asociación entre las variables del estudio. Resultados: Promedio de edad de 32,83 anos, predominio de pacientes femeninas (92,91%) y con tiempo de evolución entre uno y cinco anos (69,29%). El 75,59% de los pacientes presentó al menos una comorbilidad asociada y el 80,31% se consideró adherente farmacológico. La puntuación de percepción de la calidad de vida global fue de 61,02 puntos en mujeres y 59,03 puntos en hombres. De forma general, las dimensiones más afectadas fueron el rol emocional en las féminas y la vitalidad en los hombres. Conclusiones: El aumento del tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad, la presencia de comorbilidades asociadas y la no adherencia farmacológica constituyeron variables que determinaron una disminución de las puntuaciones medias de percepción de la calidad de vida. Hubo correlación negativa fuerte entre actividad clínica de la enfermedad y percepción de la calidad de vida.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Quality of Life , Social Sciences , Autoimmune Diseases , Immune System Diseases
6.
Rev. colomb. reumatol ; 29(4)oct.-dic. 2022.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1536218

ABSTRACT

Autoimmune pancreatitis is a characteristic manifestation of the spectrum of the disease related to IgG4, a rare autoimmune disorder that presents clinically with obstructive jaundice due to the infiltration of plasma cells and fibrosis in the pancreas. There may be other symptoms in case of involvement of other organs, and in very rare cases there is hematological involvement. We present the case of an adult man with signs of cholestasis secondary to type I autoimmune pancreatitis, with involvement of other organs and associated with thrombocytopenia that improved with systemic corticosteroid-based immunosuppressive treatment, after which the patient showed favorable clinical and analytical evolution over time.


La pancreatitis autoimmune es una manifestación característica del espectro de la enfermedad relacionada con IgG4, trastorno raro de tipo autoinmune que se presenta clínicamente con ictericia obstructiva debido a la infiltración de células plasmáticas y fibrosis en el páncreas; puede presentarse con otra sintomatología en caso de afectación de otros órganos y en muy raras ocasiones hay compromiso hematológico. Se presenta el caso de un hombre adulto con signos de colestasis secundaria a una pancreatitis autoinmune tipo i, con compromiso de otros órganos y asociada con trombocitopenia que mejoró con el tratamiento inmunosupresor a base de corticoide sistémico, luego del cual se observó una evolución favorable en cuanto a la clínica y analítica en el transcurso del tiempo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases , Immune System Diseases , Pancreatic Diseases , Autoimmune Diseases , Thrombocytopenia , Blood Platelet Disorders , Digestive System Diseases , Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease , Autoimmune Pancreatitis , Hematologic Diseases
7.
Rev. colomb. reumatol ; 29(3)jul.-sep. 2022.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1536183

ABSTRACT

The case is presented on a 52-year-old male patient, who was seen in the Rheumatology department. He had painless lymph nodes in the cervical, axillary, supraclavicular, and neck region. He also had a fever, and parotid and submaxillary gland enlargement. Complementary studies were performed, showing normocytic-normochromic anemia, thrombocytopenia and eosinophilia, impaired renal function with hypoalbuminaemia and hematuria, ANA 1/5120, Sm+, ACL+. Biopsies were also performed on the compromised tissues, reaching the diagnosis of Rosai-Dorfman Disease and IgG4-related Disease. Differential diagnoses of cervical, axillary and inguinal lymph nodes, with fever, renal and hematological compromise are discussed.


Se describe el caso de un paciente varón de 52 años que consulta al servicio de reumatología por presentar adenopatías indoloras en las regiones cervical, axilar, supraclaviculares y en la nuca, así como fiebre, aumento de tamaño de parótidas y submaxilares. Se realizan estudios complementarios que arrojan como resultado anemia normocítica-normocrómica, trombocitopenia y eosinofilia, alteración de la función renal con hipoalbuminemia y hematuria, FAN 1/5.120, Sm+, ACL+ y biopsia de los tejidos comprometidos, por lo que se arriba al diagnóstico de enfermedad de Rosai-Dorfman y enfermedad relacionada con IgG4. Se discuten diagnósticos diferenciales de adenopatías cervicales, axilares e inguinales, fiebre, compromiso renal y hematológico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases , Autoimmune Diseases , Histiocytosis , Histiocytosis, Sinus , Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease , Immune System Diseases , Lymphatic Diseases
8.
Rev. cuba. hematol. inmunol. hemoter ; 38(2): e1602, abr.-jun. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1408459

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Las alteraciones en el estado redox celular se han descrito como factores causales en diversas enfermedades. La depleción del glutatión reducido se ha asociado fundamentalmente a enfermedades neurodegenerativas, pulmonares, hepáticas, cardiovasculares e inmunológicas. Objetivo: Determinar las concentraciones de glutatión reducido y el estado redox celular en pacientes pediátricos con inmunodeficiencias. Métodos: Se estudiaron 21 pacientes con inmunodeficiencias procedentes de la consulta de Inmunogenética, en edades comprendidas entre 1 y 8 años, de ambos sexos, y 8 niños en el mismo rango de edad de los pacientes, como grupo control, con estudios de inmunidad humoral y celular normales. Los pacientes con diagnóstico de inmunodeficiencia se dividieron para su estudio en 2 grupos según el componente afectado de la respuesta inmune: humoral y celular. Fueron determinadas las concentraciones intraeritrocitarias de glutatión reducido y oxidado, mediante un método de HPLC-UV. Para evaluar el estado redox celular se calculó la relación entre las formas reducidas y oxidadas del glutatión (GSH/GSSG). Resultados: Las concentraciones de glutatión reducido y el estado redox celular se encontraron disminuidos en ambos grupos de pacientes en relación con los niños sin inmunodeficiencia (p=0,031 y p=0,03; respectivamente). El glutatión oxidado no mostró diferencias entre los grupos. Conclusiones: En los pacientes con inmunodeficiencia se evidenció la afectación del estado redox celular como consecuencia de la disminución del glutatión reducido. Este primer acercamiento ofreció las potencialidades del empleo de estos biomarcadores en la evaluación integral de pacientes con inmunodeficiencia(AU)


Introduction: Alterations in the cellular redox state have been described as causal factors in various diseases. Reduced glutathione depletion has been fundamentally associated with neurodegenerative, pulmonary, liver, cardiovascular and immunological diseases. Objective: To determine the concentrations of reduced glutathione and the cellular redox status in pediatric patients with immunodeficiencies. Methods: We studied 21 patients with immunodeficiencies from the immunogenetic service, aged between 1 and 8 years and as a control group, 8 children in the same age range as the patients, with normal humoral and cellular immunity studies. Patients diagnosed with immunodeficiency were divided into two groups according to the affected component of the immune response: humoral and cellular. The intraerythrocyte concentrations of oxidized and reduced glutathione were determined by means of an HPLC-UV method. To evaluate the cellular redox state, the relationship between the reduced and oxidized forms of glutathione (GSH/GSSG) was calculated. Results: Reduced glutathione concentrations and cellular redox status were found to be decreased in both groups of patients in relation to children without immunodeficiency (p=0,031 and p=0,03; respectively). Oxidized glutathione showed no difference between the groups. Conclusions: In patients with immunodeficiency, the cellular redox state is affected as a consequence of the decrease in reduced glutathione. This first approach offers the potential for the use of these biomarkers in the comprehensive evaluation of patients with immunodeficiency(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Biomarkers , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Neurodegenerative Diseases , Glutathione/analysis , Immunogenetics , Immune System Diseases , Control Groups , Glutathione Disulfide
9.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1408433

ABSTRACT

Debido a sus metabolitos secundarios, las plantas medicinales presentan diversas acciones farmacológicas que posibilitan la elaboración de productos naturales. En el presente trabajo se describen, brevemente, las actividades con utilidad en las afecciones hematológicas e inmunológicas. Para ello se realizó una revisión actualizada de las investigaciones científicas acerca de esta temática, lo cual permitió concluir que el empleo de productos naturales, como tratamiento adyuvante, favorece adecuadamente a los pacientes con enfermedades hematológicas e inmunológicas(AU)


Due to their secondary metabolites, medicinal plants have various pharmacological actions that enable the development of natural products. In the present work, the activities useful in hematological and immunological conditions are briefly described. For this, an updated review of the scientific research on this subject was carried out, which allowed the conclusion that the use of natural products, as adjuvant treatment, adequately benefits patients with hematological and immunological diseases(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Biological Products , Pharmacologic Actions , Immune System Diseases , Research
10.
Infectio ; 25(4): 284-288, oct.-dic. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1286723

ABSTRACT

Resumen Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgo a la infección en cavidad residual post quistectomía hepática en los pacientes del hospital Ramiro Prialé Prialé - EsSalud -Huancayo. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó una cohorte retrospectiva, entre enero del 2014 y enero del 2018. Se utilizó una ficha de recolección de datos. Se obtuvieron los riesgos relativos (RR) crudos y ajustados, con intervalos de confianza al 95%. Resultados: Participaron 83 pacientes. El 41,2% de las mujeres presentaron infección en la cavidad postquistectomía y la mediana de edad de los pacientes infecta dos fue de 33 años. Los antecedentes patológicos que se relacionaron con la infección fueron obesidad o sobrepeso (62,5%), neoplasia previa (100%) y enferme dad inmunológica previa (31%). La infección en cavidad residual postquistectomía estuvo relacionada a la presencia de obesidad o sobrepeso, diabetes mellitus, neoplasia previa , cirugía previa y al uso de antibióticos posteriores a la cirugía. Conclusiones: La obesidad o sobrepeso, diabetes mellitus, haber padecido alguna neoplasia o cirugía previa y el uso de antibióticos luego de la cirugía; son factores de riesgo para la infección en cavidad residual postquistectomía hepática en los pacientes del Hospital Nacional Ramiro Prialé Prialé EsSalud de Huancayo, Perú.


Abstract Objective: To determine the risk factors with the infection in the residual cavity after hepatic cystectomy in the patients of the Ramiro Prialé Prialé hospital - EsSalud -Huancayo. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort was conducted, between January 2014 and January 2018. A data collection sheet was used. Crude and adjusted relative risks (RR) were obtained, with 95% confidence intervals. Results: 83 patients participated. 41.2% of women infected in the post-cystectomy cavity and the median age of infected patients was 33 years. The pathological antecedents that were related to the infection were obesity or overweight (62.5%), previous neoplasia (100%) and previous immune disease (31%). Post-cystectomy residual cavity infection was affected by the presence of obesity or overweight (aRR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.15-2.13; p value = 0.005), diabetes mellitus (aRR: 2.67; 95% CI : 2.09-3.41; p value <0.001), previous neoplasia (aRR: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.94-3.20; p value <0.001), previous surgery (aRR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.36-1.64; p value <0.001) and the use of post-surgery antibiotics (aRR: 2.14; 95% CI: 1.30-3.51; p value = 0.003) Conclusions: Obesity or overweight, diabetes mellitus, having suffered some neoplasia or previous surgery and the use of antibiotics after surgery; they are factors associated with infection in the residual post-cystectomy liver cavity in patients of the Ramiro Prialé Prialé EsSalud National Hospital in Huancayo, Peru.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Surgical Procedures, Operative/adverse effects , Risk Factors , Infections , Peru , Ranunculaceae , Diabetes Mellitus , Echinococcosis, Hepatic , Hospitals , Immune System Diseases , Neoplasms
11.
Rev. colomb. reumatol ; 28(supl.1): 39-43, Dec. 2021.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1361000

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by the development of thrombotic events and/or obstetric morbidity in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), such as the lupus anticoagulant (LA), anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) or anti- β 2-glycoprotein I antibodies (a β2 GPI). In 1992, Ronald A. Asherson described a very aggressive clinical variant of this syndrome characterized by the development of multiple thrombotic manifestations, simultaneously or in a short period of time. The term catastrophic APS was proposed and since then it is known by this name.


RESUMEN El síndrome antifosfolípido (SAF) es una enfermedad sistêmica autoinmune, caracterizada por el desarrollo de eventos trombóticos y/o morbilidad obstétrica en presencia de anticuerpos antifosfolípidos (aPL), tales como el anticoagulante lúpico (AL), los anticuerpos anticardiolipina (aCL) o anticuerpos anti- β2-glicoproteína I (aβ2GPI). En 1992, Ronald A. Asherson describió una variante clínica muy agresiva de este síndrome, caracterizada por el desarrollo de múltiples manifestaciones trombóticas, de manera simultánea o dentro de un corto periodo de tiempo. Se propuso entonces el término SAF catastrófico y desde entonces se le ha conocido por ese nombre.


Subject(s)
Humans , Autoimmune Diseases , Antiphospholipid Syndrome , Immune System Diseases
12.
Rev. colomb. reumatol ; 28(4): 237-244, Dec. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1408085

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Introduction: Lupus nephritis (LN) is a consequence of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Renal biopsy is a potential prognostic biomarker for renal function. Objective: To correlate histopathological findings and renal function in children with LN. Materials and methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on children with a histopathological diagnosis of NL. Patients with no follow-up registered were excluded. The kidney biopsy at diagnosis was evaluated using the ISN/RPS scale. The Kappa index was used to determine the level of agreement between renal failure (Glomerular Filtration Rate [GFR] < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) and presence or absence of each index on the modified ISN/RPS scale. Results: A total of 57 patients with NL were treated from 2011 to 2018 at the institution. Of these, 40 (70%) met inclusion criteria, and 10 (25%) were male. The median age of NL diagnosis was 12.9 years (IQR, 11.1-14.9). Follow-up time was 2.3 years (IQR, 1.0-5.16). At diagnosis, karyorrhexis was the characteristic with highest level of agreement with renal failure (k = 0.1873 SE = 0.0759 P = .0068) and at the last follow-up, it was global segmental sclerosis (k = 0.1481 SE = 0.078 P = .0287). There was no difference in the GFR at the last follow-up and the presence of proteinuria at diagnosis (P = .3936). Conclusion: Renal biopsy findings may be an insufficient tool to predict renal function. Treat ment and prognosis of patients with NL should be done using other biomarkers and clinical signs. Prospective studies should be performed to confirm this hypothesis.


RESUMEN Introducción: La nefritis lúpica (NL) es una consecuencia del lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES). La biopsia renal es un potencial biomarcador de pronóstico de función renal. Objetivo: Correlacionar hallazgos histopatológicos y la función renal de los pacientes pediátricos con la NL. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes pediátricos con diagnóstico histopatológico de NL. Se excluyeron pacientes sin seguimiento por la institución. Se evaluó la biopsia renal al diagnóstico con la escala modificada de la International Society of Nephrology and the Renal Pathology Society (ISN/RPS). Se usó el índice kappa para determinar el nivel de acuerdo entre la falla renal (tasa de filtración glomerular [TFG] < 60 mL/min/1,73 m2) y la presencia o ausencia de cada índice de la escala modificada de la ISN/RPS. Resultados: Entre el 2011 y el 2018, 57 pacientes con NL fueron atendidos en la institución, 40 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, 10 (25%) eran de sexo masculino. La mediana de edad de diagnóstico de NL fue 12,9 arios (IQR 11,1 a 14,9). El tiempo de seguimiento fue de 2,3 años (IQR 1,0 a 5,16). Al diagnóstico, la cariorexis fue la característica de la escala con mayor nivel de acuerdo con la falla renal (k = 0,1873, EE = 0,0759, p = 0,0068) y al último seguimiento lo fue la esclerosis segmentaria global (k = 0,1481, EE = 0,078, p = 0,0287). No hubo diferencia en la TFG al último seguimiento y presencia de proteinuria al diagnóstico (p = 0,3936). Conclusión: La biopsia renal puede ser insuficiente para evaluar la predicción de la función renal. El tratamiento de pacientes con NL debe realizarse utilizando otros biomarcadores y signos clínicos. Deben hacerse estudios prospectivos que puedan confirmar esta hipótesis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Varicocele , Immune System Diseases , Kidney Failure, Chronic , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
13.
Rev. colomb. reumatol ; 28(3): 191-196, jul.-set. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1357270

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: El síndrome antifosfolípido (SAF) es una enfermedad autoinmune sistémica, caracterizada por trombosis recurrente, que puede afectar la circulación arterial y venosa. Objetivo: Analizar las diferencias inmunológicas y farmacológicas, así como los desenlaces clínicos de una cohorte de pacientes con SAF primario y secundario. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de corte transversal que incluyó 352 pacientes con diagnóstico de SAF atendidos entre los arios 2014 y 2018. Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas e inmunológicas y se realizó un análisis univariado y un análisis bivariado mediante la prueba chi-cuadrado para determinar diferencias entre los pacientes con SAF primario y SAF secundario. Finalmente, se hizo un análisis multivariado para buscar asociaciones con los desenlaces clínicos trombóticos en los pacientes con SAF. Resultados: La edad promedio de la población fue de 42,4 ± 14 años; el 84,6% correspondió a sexo femenino. El 67,6% de los pacientes tenía diagnóstico de SAF primario y un 32,4% de SAF secundario, siendo el lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) la enfermedad asociada en un 84%. Dentro de los eventos trombóticos, el más frecuente fue la trombosis venosa profunda (17,3%), seguida por el ataque cerebrovascular (9,9%). En los eventos obstétricos existió una prevalencia del 39,4% para abortos. No se encontraron diferencias en el perfil sociodemográfico ni en el perfil inmunoserológico entre los pacientes con diagnóstico de SAF primario y aquellos con SAF secundario. Los eventos trombóticos tuvieron mayor frecuencia en el grupo de SAF primario, pero solo la tromboembolia pulmonar alcanzó significación estadís tica. Eventos obstétricos como los abortos no fueron diferentes entre ambos grupos. Dentro de los factores asociados a los eventos trombóticos, se encontró que el sexo femenino tiene una probabilidad 5 veces mayor de accidente cerebrovascular y 3 veces mayor de trombosis venosa profunda. Los anti- β2GPI tipo IgM aumentaron alrededor de 3 veces la probabilidad de presentar abortos en mujeres con SAF. Conclusión: Se presenta una de las cohortes colombianas más grandes de pacientes con SAF reportadas hasta el momento en la literatura. La población es comparable clínica y sociodemográficamente con lo encontrado en otros estudios, aunque la prevalencia de SAF primario fue mayor y las complicaciones trombóticas fueron menores. La tromboembolia pulmonar fue significativamente mayor en el grupo de SAF primario.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disease charac terized by recurrent thrombosis that can affect the arterial and venous circulation. Objective: To analyze the immunological and pharmacological differences, as well as the clinical outcomes of a cohort of patients with primary APS and secondary APS. Materials and methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted that included 352 records of patients diagnosed with APS and treated between 2014 and 2018. A description is pre sented of the sociodemographic, clinical, and immunological profile of the population. A bivariate analysis performed using the chi-squared test to determine differences between groups with primary APS and secondary APS, and finally a multivariate analysis to search for associations with thrombotic clinical outcomes in patients with APS. Results: The mean age was 42.4 ± 14 years, and 84.6% were females. Two-thirds (67.6%) of the patients had a diagnosis of primary APS, and 32.4% of secondary APS, of which 84% were associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Among the thrombotic events, the most frequent were deep vein thrombosis (17.3%) and stroke (9.9%). Obstetric events were frequent, with a prevalence of 39.4% for miscarriages. No differences were found in the sociodemographic or immunoserological profile when comparing the group of primary vs. secondary APS. Thrombotic events were more frequent in the primary APS group, although only pulmonary embolism reached statistical significance. There were no differences bet ween the two groups as regards obstetric events, such as miscarriages. Women were found to be 5 times more likely to have a stroke and 3 times more to have deep vein thrombosis. The anti-β2GPI type IgM increased the probability of presenting miscarriages about 3 times in women with APS. Conclusion: The study contains one of the largest Colombian cohorts with APS reported so far, and although it is both clinically and sociodemographically similar to other cohorts, there is a higher prevalence of primary APS. There was a lower frequency of thrombotic complications compared to other cohorts. Patients with primary APS had a tendency to develop thrombosis, as has already been reported in the literature.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Cardiovascular Diseases , Autoimmune Diseases , Thrombosis , Antiphospholipid Syndrome , Immune System Diseases
14.
Rev. colomb. reumatol ; 28(3): 221-226, jul.-set. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1357275

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El síndrome de activación macrofágica (SAM) es una grave complicación de varias entidades reumáticas entre las que se encuentran la artritis idiopática juvenil sistémica, enfermedad de Still y lupus eritematoso sistémico. Este síndrome forma parte de las linfohistiocitosis hemofagocíticas adquiridas y constituye una enfermedad potencialmente mortal, con difi cultad en su identificación y carencia de consensos en cuanto a su manejo. Describimos una serie de casos de pacientes con SAM, exponiendo su proceso diagnóstico, su relación con las enfermedades reumáticas de base, su seguimiento y tratamiento, así como los resultados de diferentes esquemas de manejo.


ABSTRACT Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a serious complication of several rheumatic disor ders, among which are the systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Still's disease and systemic lupus erythematosus. This syndrome is part of the Acquired Haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytoses, and is a potentially fatal disease, with difficulty in its identification and a lack of consensus regarding its management. A series of cases are describe of patients with macrophage activation syndrome, explaining their diagnostic process, their relationship with rheumatic diseases, their monitoring, and treatment, as well as the results of different management schemes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases , Autoimmune Diseases , Macrophage Activation Syndrome , Immune System Diseases , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic , Lymphoproliferative Disorders
15.
Arq. Asma, Alerg. Imunol ; 5(2): 126-134, abr.jun.2021. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1398831

ABSTRACT

Os medicamentos imunobiológicos têm sido frequentemente utilizados no tratamento das doenças alérgicas e de natureza imunológica. Esses agentes regulam a resposta imunológica do tipo 2 nas doenças alérgicas ou atuam em diversas vias de ativação alteradas nos erros inatos da imunidade. Com o surgimento da pandemia COVID-19 um crescente número de pacientes em uso de imunobiológicos para essas condições deverão ser vacinados contra o vírus SARS-CoV-2. Dessa forma, existe a necessidade de avaliar a segurança e eficácia destas vacinas nos pacientes em uso de imunobiológicos para asma, dermatite atópica, rinossinusite crônica com pólipos nasais, urticária crônica e erros inatos da imunidade. Foi realizada uma busca de literatura recente relevante sobre imunobiológicos e vacinas COVID-19 no PubMed. Existe um consenso de manutenção desses agentes durante a pandemia COVID-19, embora nas doenças alérgicas os mesmos devam ser suspensos durante a infecção ativa. Por outro lado, dados disponíveis em relação à segurança e eficácia das vacinas contra a COVID-19 nesse grupo de pacientes são escassos. Existem relatos do uso de outras vacinas inativadas em associação com alguns imunobiológicos demonstrando serem eficazes e seguras. Portanto, considerando o risco potencial da infecção COVID-19, especialmente nos pacientes portadores de erros inatos da imunidade, recomendamos que as vacinas contra a COVID-19 sejam utilizadas nos pacientes em uso de imunobiológicos. Desta forma, existe uma necessidade de estudos que avaliem estas questões haja vista que a terapia com diversos imunobiológicos tem sido amplamente utilizada nos pacientes com doenças alérgicas e de natureza imunológica.


Immunobiological drugs have often been used to treat allergic and immunological diseases. These agents regulate the type 2 immune response in allergic diseases or act on different activation pathways altered in inborn errors of immunity. With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, an increasing number of patients with these conditions using these agents should be vaccinated against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Thus, there is a need to evaluate the safety and efficacy of these vaccines in patients using biologics for asthma, atopic dermatitis, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, chronic urticaria, and inborn errors of immunity. A search for relevant recent literature on biologics and COVID-19 vaccines was conducted on PubMed. There is a consensus on maintaining the use of these agents during the COVID-19 pandemic, although in allergic diseases they must be suspended during active infection. Conversely, the available data regarding the safety and efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccines are scarce. There are reports of the use of other inactivated vaccines with some biologics proving to be effective and safe. Therefore, considering the potential risk of COVID-19 infection, especially in patients with inborn errors of immunity, we recommend that COVID-19 vaccines should be used in patients using biologics. Thus, there is a need for studies to assess these issues, given that therapy with several biologics has been widely used in patients with allergic and immunological diseases.


Subject(s)
Humans , Asthma , Therapeutics , Dermatitis, Atopic , Omalizumab , Chronic Urticaria , COVID-19 Vaccines , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 , BNT162 Vaccine , 2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273 , ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 , Antibodies, Monoclonal , Biological Products , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Efficacy , Coronavirus Infections , PubMed , Immune System Diseases
16.
Rev. cuba. med. mil ; 50(2): e460, 2021. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1341436

ABSTRACT

Introducción: En la actualidad existen más de 150 medicamentos relacionados con la aparición de rabdomiólisis e insuficiencia renal aguda transitoria. La estreptoquinasa puede ser uno de ellos. Objetivo: Presentar un caso en el cual la administración de trombólisis con estreptoquinasa pudiera estar relacionado con una insuficiencia renal aguda transitoria. Caso clínico: Paciente de 38 años, con antecedentes de salud anterior y creatinina de 81 mg/L días antes del ingreso, sufrió infarto miocárdico agudo y después de la trombólisis con estreptoquinasa presentó dolores musculares intensos, náuseas, vómitos y lumbalgia intensa. La creatinina ascendió progresivamente; tuvo oligoanuria progresiva que evolucionó hasta las dos semanas y luego se recuperó. A los 21 días, la creatinina estaba en 116 mg/L. En la coronariografía, las coronarias son normales. Comentarios: Las causas de insuficiencia renal aguda transitoria pudieran ser, rabdomiólisis asociada con alteraciones del metabolismo del ATP y trastornos inmunológicos provocados por la administración de estreptoquinasa. La coronariografía resultó normal(AU)


Introduction: There are currently more than 150 medications related to the appearance of rhabdomyolysis and transient acute renal failure. Streptokinase can be one of them. Objective: Presenting a case the administration of streptokinase as a possible cause of acute, transient renal failure. Case report: A 38-year-old patient with a previous health history and 81 mg creatinine per liter days before admission, suffers acute myocardial infarction and after streptokinase thrombolysis he suffers severe muscle pain, nausea, vomiting, severe low back pain, creatinine ascends progressively and progressive oligoanuria that evolves until two weeks when it begins to return. At 21 days with 116 mg creatinine per liter, coronary angiography was performed with normal coronaries. Comments: The causes of transient acute renal failure may be rhabdomyolysis associated with abnormalities of the metabolism of ATP and immune disorders, caused by the administration of streptokinase. His coronary angiography was completely normal(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Streptokinase , Low Back Pain , Creatinine/analysis , Renal Insufficiency/complications , Acute Kidney Injury , Immune System Diseases , Myocardial Infarction , Coronary Angiography/methods
17.
Rev. cuba. invest. bioméd ; 40(1): e842, ene.-mar. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1289454

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La etiología de las enfermedades autoinmunes aún se desconoce, aunque se plantean diferentes causas. Objetivo: Describir el rol de factores como las hormonas, alimentación, estrés, enfermedades infecciosas y cáncer en las enfermedades autoinmunes. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica empleando Google Académico y artículos de libre acceso en la base de datos PubMed y SciELO, publicados entre enero del 2014 y junio del 2020. Se consultó la bibliografía nacional e internacional relevante y actualizada, con un total de 51 referencias, de estas, tres libros básicos de la especialidad de Inmunología y 48 artículos (12 en idioma español y 36 en inglés). Se utilizaron los términos de búsqueda según los descriptores del DeCS y MeSH. Resultados: Las hormonas femeninas incrementan el riesgo de las enfermedades autoinmunes. Un desbalance en la neurohormona melatonina puede generar linfocitos autorreactivos. El estrés puede mantener respuestas inflamatorias crónicas que causen daño tisular. Una adecuada alimentación permite que los comensales de la microbiota intestinal mantengan la homeostasis del sistema inmune. Las infecciones en ocasiones desarrollan respuestas autoinmunitarias. La causalidad entre el cáncer y la autoinmunidad es bidireccional producto de procesos inflamatorios. Conclusiones: Las enfermedades autoinmunes son más frecuentes en las mujeres. Una alimentación adecuada permite que la microbiota intestinal no se altere y que mantenga la homeostasis inmunológica. Situaciones de estrés e infecciones pueden iniciar respuestas autoinmunes. El cáncer puede favorecer el desarrollo de manifestaciones autoinmunes, y estas últimas por el predominio inflamatorio, favorecen la tumorogénesis(AU)


Introduction: The etiology of autoimmune diseases is still unknown, though several causes have been suggested. Objective: Describe the role of hormones, eating, stress, infectious diseases and cancer in immune diseases. Methods: A bibliographic review was conducted using Google Scholar and open access papers published in the databases Pubmed and SciELO from January 2014 to June 2020. Relevant updated national and international bibliography was consulted, for a total 51 references: three basic books from the specialty of immunology and 48 papers (12 in Spanish and 36 in English). The search terms used were obtained from the descriptors DeCS and MeSH. Results: Feminine hormones increase the risk of autoimmune diseases. Imbalance in the neurohormone melatonin may generate autoreactive lymphocytes. Stress may maintain chronic inflammatory responses causing tissue damage. Appropriate eating habits allow gut microbiota commensals to maintain the homeostasis of the immune system. Infections occasionally develop autoimmune responses. Causality between cancer and autoimmunity is bidirectional, due to the presence of inflammatory processes. Conclusions: Autoimmune diseases are more common among women. Appropriate eating habits prevent alterations of the gut microbiota, allowing it to maintain immune homeostasis. Stress situations and infections may trigger autoimmune responses. Cancer may foster the development of autoimmune manifestations, and these, due to the inflammatory predominance, may foster tumorigenesis(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Autoimmune Diseases , Autoimmunity , Eating , Allergy and Immunology , Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Immune System , Immune System Diseases , Neurotransmitter Agents
18.
Bol. méd. postgrado ; 37(1): 7-14, Ene-Jun 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1147872

ABSTRACT

La Artritis Reumatoide (AR) es una enfermedad crónica y autoinmune cuyo primer año de evolución es considerado por el Colegio Americano de Reumatología como su fase temprana. Con el objetivo de describir los hallazgos ultrasonográficos en las articulaciones de muñecas y manos de pacientes con sospecha clínica de AR en fase temprana referidos de la consulta de Reumatología del Hospital Central Universitario Dr. Antonio María Pineda durante el lapso junio-agosto de 2018, se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal evaluando 126 articulaciones de 21 pacientes según la escala modificada del OMERACT. Los pacientes se caracterizaron por un promedio de edad de 51,4 ± 11,1 años, siendo el grupo etario más afectado el de 41-50 años y 51-60 años. Hubo un predominio del sexo femenino (85,7%) y una media de inicio de síntomas de 5,2 ± 2,8 meses. Las principales alteraciones encontradas fueron derrame sinovial (54,7%), engrosamiento sinovial (28,5%), tenosinovitis en el grupo extensor (28,5%), erosiones óseas (11,1%) y tenosinovitis en flexores (9,5%). Los hallazgos mostraron mayor afectación de las articulaciones radiocarpianas; 12,7% y 7,9% mostraron hipertrofia sinovial y sinovitis grado I, 15% derrame sinovial grado 1 y 2 y 7,9% erosiones óseas pequeñas. El 8,7% de las II metacarpofalángicas mostraron hipertrofia sinovial grado I, 6,3% sinovitis, 13,4% derrame sinovial y 1,5% erosiones óseas medianas; el 0,79% de las II interfalángicas proximales presentaron derrame sinovial grado 1. Se observó tenosinovitis grado 1 en 25,4% de extensores y 7,9% de flexores. En conclusión, la ultrasonografía es una herramienta complementaria en el diagnóstico y seguimiento de la enfermedad reumatoide en fase temprana por lo que se sugiere fomentar su uso evitando gastos innecesarios y retrasos en el inicio del tratamiento(AU)


Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic and autoimmune disease whose first year of clinical manifestations is considered the early phase of the disease according to the American College of Rheumatology. With the aim of describing the ultrasonographic findings in the wrists and hands of patients with clinical suspicion of early phase RA referred to the Rheumatology Service of the Hospital Central Universitario Dr. Antonio Maria Pineda during the period June-August 2018, a cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted evaluating 126 joints of 21 patients according to the modified scale of the OMERACT. Patients had an average age of 51.4 ± 11.1 years and the most affected age groups was the 41-50 years and 51-60 years. Predominance of female sex (85.71%) as well as an average of 5.2 ± 2.8 months of time of symptoms onset was observed. The main alterations observed were synovial effusion (54.7%), synovial thickening (28.5%), tenosynovitis in extensor tendons (28.5%), bone erosions (11.1%) and tenosynovitis in flexor tendons (9.52%). The radiocarpal joints were the most affected showing grade 1 synovial hypertrophy and synovitis in 12.7% and 7.9% of joints, respectively; grade 1 and 2 synovial effusion was observed in 15% of joints and small bone erosions in 7.9%. For the second metacarpophalangeal joint, grade I synovial hypertrophy was found in 8.7% of joints, synovitis in 6.3%, synovial effusion in 13.4% and medium-sized bone erosions in 1.5%; in 0.79% of the proximal interphalangeal joints grade I synovial effusion was observed. Tenosynovitis grade 1 was observed in 25.4% of extensor tendons and 7.9% flexors. The use of ultrasonography should be encouraged as a complementary tool for the diagnosis of RA, avoiding unnecessary expenses and delay in treatment(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Arthritis, Rheumatoid , Ultrasonography , Hand Joints/diagnostic imaging , Synovial Fluid , Immune System Diseases
20.
Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine ; : 72-72, 2021.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-888606

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND@#Particulate matter (PM), a major component of ambient air pollution, accounts for a substantial burden of diseases and fatality worldwide. Maternal exposure to PM during pregnancy is particularly harmful to children's health since this is a phase of rapid human growth and development.@*METHOD@#In this review, we synthesize the scientific evidence on adverse health outcomes in children following prenatal exposure to the smallest toxic components, fine (PM@*RESULTS@#Maternal exposure to fine and ultrafine PM directly and indirectly yields numerous adverse birth outcomes and impacts on children's respiratory systems, immune status, brain development, and cardiometabolic health. The biological mechanisms underlying adverse effects include direct placental translocation of ultrafine particles, placental and systemic maternal oxidative stress and inflammation elicited by both fine and ultrafine PM, epigenetic changes, and potential endocrine effects that influence long-term health.@*CONCLUSION@#Policies to reduce maternal exposure and health consequences in children should be a high priority. PM


Subject(s)
Adult , Animals , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Pregnancy , Young Adult , Air Pollutants/adverse effects , Air Pollution/prevention & control , Cardiovascular Diseases/chemically induced , Child Health , Disease Models, Animal , Endocrine System Diseases/chemically induced , Epigenomics , Immune System Diseases/chemically induced , Maternal Exposure/adverse effects , Nervous System Diseases/chemically induced , Oxidative Stress , Particle Size , Particulate Matter/adverse effects , Placenta , Pregnancy Outcome/epidemiology , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/epidemiology , Respiratory Tract Diseases/chemically induced
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